Exercise 1. Active vocabulary to the text. Learn the following words:
to trap - ловить, поймать (в ловушку)
to improve - улучшать
to reduce - снижать, уменьшать
to occur - иметь место, происходить
to extract (a tooth) - удалять (зуб)
to eliminate - ликвидировать, устранять
to fill (a tooth) - пломбировать (зуб)
to damage - наносить вред
acrylic resin - акриловая смола
porcelain teeth - фарфоровые зубы
to tint - тонировать
Exercise 2. Read and translate into Russian the following text and answer the questions:
PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY
Preventive dentistry includes cleaning the teeth, removing plaque, and advising patients how to brush teeth properly and how to use dental floss (a thread which removes food particles trapped between the teeth). Studies have shown that tooth decay is decreasing in many countries as a result of preventive dentistry, improved diet, dental care, and the use of fluoride. Fluoride is a substance which can reduce tooth decay, and can be incorporated in the tooth enamel by taking tablets or drops, or by using a fluoride toothpaste. It occurs naturally in some drinking water but is also added artificially in a ratio of one part per million.
The form of treatment known as orthodontics involves first X-raying the teeth, then using braces and other devices to straigthen them, to even out any gaps, and to make the teeth, gums and jaws work correctly.
This treatment should be carried out while the teeth are still growing and developing, but, in a few cases, orthodontic treatment is carried out on adults.
Another branch of dentistry, called periodontics is concerned with the treatment of gum disease, which is a particular problem among older people. Like tooth decay, gum disease is also caused by excess plaque, which irritates