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Chapter 10. L OCAL AND GLOBAL COMPUTER NETWORKS. TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERNET RESOURCES IN MEDICINE

10.1. NETWORK-BASED INFORMATION

PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES

Data transfer between computers has probably existed since the very beginning of computer science. It enables collaboration between individual computers, solving a task with the resources of several computers, assigning each of the computers to perform a single function, sharing resources and solving multiple other problems.

Definition

Computer network (CN) - a data processing system that includes a geographically distributed system of computers and their terminals, united in a single system.

Networking allows computers to share:

• hardware (hard drives, printers, communication devices, etc.);

• software tools (word processors, spreadsheet processors, database management systems, etc.);

• multiuser systems (e-mail, teleconferences, database-based information systems, e.g. databases for banking operations, etc.).

The main characteristics of networks include:

• bandwidth - the maximum amount of data transmitted by the network per unit of time; bandwidth is measured in megabits per second

(Mbps);

• network response time - the time it takes the network devices and software to prepare for data transmission over a given channel; network response time is measured in milliseconds (ms).

There exist several classifications of computer networks. By territorial spread there are:

• LAN, Local Area Network);

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN, Metropolitan Area Network);

• WAN, Wide Area Network.

Computer networks in terms of information transfer speed can be classified as:

• low-speed, up to 10 Mbps;

• medium-speed - up to 100 Mbps;

• high-speed, over 100 Mbps.

The following distinctive features of the local network can be formulated:

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