1.1. Contribution of Russia's surgeons into the medicine development
The first mentions of nursing care could be seen in the mythological texts of ancient Hellas. According to the legends, the God of healing Asclepius (lat. Aesculapius) and one of his daughters Hygieia played a tremendous educational role in the history of humankind. At that time, treatment was reduced to hypnosis, application of water procedures and massage, the cult of health and beauty was formed.
An essential place in the works of Hippocrates and Galen was given to dietary treatment, stimulation of evaporation from the skin surface, attrition of skin and physical exercises. Care for patients for a long time consisted mainly of the implementation of hygienic measures and creation of comfortable conditions for the indigent, homeless and sick. In Ancient Rome, anyone could do the treatment, but generally, this activity was done by slaves. In Islamic Caliphate, the first hospitals, which were healthcare facilities for the population, were organised, unlike military hospitals in Ancient Rome or Ancient Egypt asylums for disabled persons and parturient women. Section of hygiene and pharmaceutical science played a special part in the written works of that time such as The Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sina, rules of health maintenance, issues of diet and fostering of a healthy child were outlined as well.
The first national medical work devoted to the issues of physiology, hygiene, propaedeutics and prevention of diseases under the title "Ointments" was composed by Eupraxia, granddaughter of Knyaz Vladimir, born in 1108.
In further centuries the Church took care for the patients. Some Knightly orders dedicated their service to taking care of the patients; asylums for lepers were organized in the Orthodox monasteries (1551). In 1618, the first hospital,