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ATTACHMENTS

Fig. 8. Djed's table for alpha angle estimation α)

Fig. 9. Variants of HEA position expressed in degrees of Ζα (The left HEA deviation, Horizontal HEA position, Normal HEA position, Vertical HEA position, The right HEA deviation)

ATTACHMENT 2. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS

In the row of manuals normal values are insignificantly different. Laboratory indices according to Handbook Guide of practicing physician1 (2000) and Grebenev A.L. (2001) are given below.

1 Handbook Guide of practicing physician. 2000 diseases from A to Z / Edited by Denisov I.N., Ulumbekov E.G. - M., Publishing house GEOTAR-Media, 2000. - 1296 p.

Blood

Complete blood count

Index

SI units

Previously used units

Hemoglobin

Men

138-172 g/l

13.8-17.2 g%

Women

121-151 g/l

12.1-15.1 g%

RBCs (erythrocytes)

Men

4.5-1012-5.7-1012/l

4.5-5.7 million in 1 μ!

Women

3.9-1012-5.0-1012/l

3.9-5.0 million in 1 μl

Color index

0.85

0.85-1.05

WBC (leukocytes)1

3.8-109-9.8-109/l

3800-9800 in 1 ?Л

Platelets (thrombocytes)

190-109-405-109/l

190 000-405 000 in 1 μ

Reticulocytes

0.5-1.5%

0.005-0.015%

ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) *

Men

1-14 mm/h

1-14 mm/h

Women

2-20 mm/h

2-20 mm/h

Hematocrit (packed cell volume), PCV**

Men

0.407-0.503

40.7-50.3%

Women

0.361-0.443

36.1-44.3%

* ESR acceleration may be noticed in pregnancy, after vaccination, fasting and dry food.

** Hematocrit - is a volume of packed cells in the whole blood determined in its centrifugation.

Leukocytes differential (leukogram)

Cells

%

SI units

Number of cells in 1 μ! of blood

Myelocytes

0

0

0

Metamyelocytes

0

0

0

Neutrophils

Band

1-6

0.04-109-0.3-109/l

40-300

Segmented

47-72

2-109-5.5-109/l

2000-5500

Eosinophils

0.5-5

0.02-109-0.3-109/l

200-300

Basophils

0-1

0-0.0 65-109/l

0-65

Lymphocytes

19-37

1.2-109-3.3-109/l

1200-3300

Monocytes

3-11

0.09-109 -0.6-109/l

90-600

1 Contemporary scientists (specialists in laboratory diagnostics) point out that maximal normal amount of WBCs may reach 11.3109/l.

Blood coagulation system and fibrinolysis

Index

Value

Blood clotting time:

Venous

5-10 min

Capillary (after Sukharev)

Beginning - from 30 sec to 2 min,

End - from 3 to 5 min

Bleeding time (Duke method)

2-5 min

RT (active recalciflcatiom time)

60-120 sec

aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)

32-49 sec

PTI (prothrombin index)

85-105%

INR (international normalized ratio)

0.8-1.3

Fibrinogen

2.0-4.0 g/l

Fibrinolysis (euglobulin clots spontaneous lysis time)

120-240 min

TCT (thrombin clotting time)

15-18 sec

D-dimer

33.5-727.5 nanogram/ml

Blood biochemistry Protein and protein fractions

Index

SI units

Traditional units, g%

Total serum protein

65-85 g/l

6.5-8.5

Albumins

36-50 g/l

3.6-5

Globulins

20-30 g/l

2-3

Fibrinogen

2-4 g/l

0.2-0.4

Protein fractions (according to Komarov F.I., 1982)

Protein fractions

Value,%

Albumins

51-61.5

Globulins:

α1

3.6-5.6

α2

5.1-8.3

β

9-13

γ

15-22

Rest nitrogen and its serum components

Index

Content

SI units, mmol/l

mg%

Rest nitrogen

2.9-8.9

8-25

Urea

2.5-8.32

15-20

Uric acid

0.12-0.38

3.0-8.0

Creatinine

Men

0.088-0.177

1-2

Women

0.044-0.141

0.5-1.6

Blood indices of pigmentary metabolism

Index

SI units, μmol/l

mg%

Total bilirubin

3.4-22.2

0.2-1.3 mg%

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin

0-5.1

(25% of total bilirubin)

0-0.3 mg%

Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin

1.7-17.1 (75% of total bilirubin)

Blood electrolytes

Index

SI units, mmol/l

mg%

Plasma potassium, K

3.48-5.3

13.6-20.8

Plasma sodium, Na

135-145

31-50

Serum calcium, Ca

2.23-2.57

8.9-10.3

Serum magnesium, Mg

0.65-1.1

1.7-2.4

Plasma lipid components (Recommendations of European Atherosclerosis Society on blood lipids and lipoproteins evaluation)

Index

Lipids content, mmol/l (mg/dl)

Desired

Borderline

Pathological

Total cholesterol

5.2 (<200)

5.2-6.2 (200-240)

6.2 (>240)

Triglycerides

2.0 (<180)

2.0-2.8 (180-250)

2.8 (>250)

Low-density lipopro-tein-cholesterol

3.5 (<130)

3.5-4.1 (130-160)

4.1 (>160)

High-density lipopro-tein-cholesterol

1.0 (>39)

0.9-1.0 (39-35)

0.9 (<35)

Urine and renal function investigation Urine physical properties

Index

Normal values

Diurnal diuresis

800-1500 ml2

Relative density of urine in the morning portion

1.020-1.0263

Color

Straw-yellow

Clarity

Transparent

Urine chemical composition3

Index

SI units

pH

Neutral or slightly acidic*

Protein

Absent (0.025-0.070 g per 24 h)

Glucose

Absent (less than 0.02% per 24 h)4

Acetone

Absent

Ketone bodies

Absent

Urobilin bodies

Absent

Bilirubin

Absent

*Alkaline pH appears on vegetable diet, alkaline drinks consumption, on the height of digestion.

Urine microscopic investigation

Index

Normal values

Urine sediment

Epithelial cells

0-3 in every field of vision (FOV)

Leukocytes men

0-2 in every FOV

women

1-2 in every FOV

Erythrocytes

Single in entire specimen

Casts (cylinders)

Absent

Mucus

Absent

Bacteria

Less than 50 000 in 1 ml

2 In the physiological conditions polyuria is caused by increased water consumption and neurogenic factors.

3 During the day it changes in a wide range (see Zimnitsky's test).

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