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6. TYPICAL DISORDERS OF THE HOST DEFENCE SYSTEM

Questions to prepare for classes and examination

 Typical forms of disordered immunological reactivity.

 Principles of classification of immunodeficiency states.

 Primary immunodeficiencies: classification and clinical manifestations.

 Forms of primary immunodeficiency (causes, mechanisms, clinical manifestations):

- B-system-dependent;

- T-system-dependent;

- A-system-dependent;

- complement-dependent;

- combined.

 Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency states. AIDS.

 Physiological and pathological tolerance.

 Graft-versus-host disease.

 The notion of the hypersensitivity reaction, allergy, atopic allergy.

 Types of allergens. Exogenous and endogenous allergens:

- heterologous, homologous and autologous allergens.

 Stages of allergy:

- immunological stage;

- pathochemical stage;

- clinical manifestations.

 Anaphylactic (I) type of allergy. The nature of allergen and antibody. Mediators of the anaphylactic reaction.

 Clinical examples of the IgE-medited diseases. Systemic and local anaphylaxis.

 Type II hypersensitivity. The nature of allergen and antibody. Mechanisms and clinical examples of type II allergies. Complement-dependent reactions and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

 Type III hypersensitivity. The nature of allergen and antibody.

- Mechanisms and clinical examples of type III allergies. Systemic and local immune complex disease.

 Type IV hypersensitivity. The nature of allergen and antibody.

 Autoimmune diseases.

 Principles of diagnostics and therapy of allergic diseases. Desensitization and nonspecific approach in the treatment of anaphylactic diseases.

N 26

A patient who had undergone a surgical intervention for gallstones presented with a slow healing of the postoperative wound, its infection, and fever. The use of antibiotics (after sensitivity tests) had positive effect. Investigation of the patient's blood showed leukopenia due to a decreased neutrophils and monocytes, a decreased mobility of leukocytes and a low activity of leukocytic myeloperoxidase. Similar abnormalities were found in the patient's sister and brother.

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