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CHAPTER 22. ACID-BASE BALANCE

22.1 General characteristics of the acid-base balance

22.2 The concentration of H+, blood pH

22.3 Fluctuations in the concentration of hydrogen ions in blood

22.4 Central link of the functional ABB system

22.5 Physical and chemical mechanisms of ABB regulation

22.6 Physiological mechanisms of ABB regulation

22.7 Clinical and physiological parameters of

ABB

Control questions Situational tasks

Physiological aspect: ABB affects the speed of substance transport through the cell membrane, excitability of cell membrane, the functions of physiological systems (vascular tone, stimulation of the respiratory center, dissociation of oxyhemoglobin, effects of hormones, etc.).

Major shifts of ABB

Acidosis is impairment of ABB characterized by absolute or relative excess of acids in the blood. This state can occur without significant changes in blood pH (compensated acidosis), or with a decrease in blood pH (subcompensated and decompensated acidosis).

Alkalosis is impairment of ABB characterized by absolute or relative excess of bases in the blood. This state can be without any significant changes of blood pH (compensated alkalosis), or with an increase in blood pH (subcompensated and decompensated alkalosis). A general pattern of regulation of the functional system of ABB is presented below (Fig. 22.1).

22.1. General characteristics of the acid-base balance

Acid-base balance (ABB) is the ratio of acidic to basic substances in the body. Acids are substances that release H+ on dissociation, and bases are substances that bind these ions. In the body, this ratio can be impaired due to formation of acids and bases in the course of metabolism, their intake from the environment and loss from the body.

Functional significance of ABB

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