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CHAPTER 26. METABOLISM OF SUBSTANCES AND ENERGY. NUTRITION

26.1 Functional nutrition system

26.2 Protein metabolism

26.3 Lipid metabolism

26.4 Carbohydrate metabolism

26.5 Water and mineral metabolism

26.6 Metabolism of vitamins

26.7 Energy balance of the body

26.8 Nutrition. Theories and concepts of nutrition

Profile materials Control questions Situational tasks

26.1. Functional nutrition system

General characteristics of nutrition. Metabolism is a characteristic sign of life. It provides for continuous formation, renewal, destruction of cellular and extracellular structures. Metabolism involves two processes: anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism is assimilation of nutrients by the body, as a result of which they become part of biological structures or are deposited in the form of a depot (accompanied by growth and weight gain in children). Catabolism (dissimilation) is formation of simpler substances in the body derived from complex substances, mainly for energy purposes (accompanied by a decrease in body weight in elderly

?If you want to change the nature of the body, you should eat and drink other foods!"

Avicenna

people). For a healthy adult, anabolism must be balanced by catabolism.

The functional nutrition system ensures the constancy of nutrient level in the blood; it has the following parts (Fig. 26.1): the ?external' part is the feeding center, which forms the feeding motivation and food-producing behavior; the ?internal' part is blood nutrients and tissue metabolism; the ?connecting' part is the physiological digestive system. ?It is not accidental that all phenomena of human life are dominated by the search for daily bread - the oldest link connecting all living things, man included, with the surrounding nature.' (from Nobel speech of I.P. Pavlov, 1904).

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