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11. TYPICAL DISORDERS OF WATER-IONS BALANCE. EDEMA

Questions to prepare for classes and examination

•  Typical forms of water dysbalance.

•  Hypohydration: causes, types, mechanisms of development, manifestations, consequences, and principles of treatment.

•  Overhydration: causes, types, mechanisms of development, manifestations, consequences, and principles of treatment.

•  Edema: definition, types, the main factors of development, principles of treatment.

•  Edema during cardiac failure: etiology, pathogenesis, and manifestations.

•  Pulmonary edema: etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and consequences.

•  Renal edema: etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and consequences.

•  Disorders of sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, and phosphate metabolism: causes, manifestations, and mechanisms of development.

N 57

Examination of a 32-year-old patient revealed various signs of pathology, including excessive body mass: his height is 168 cm and weight 84.5 kg. The patient also has a pasty face, periorbital puffiness, pale skin; he had slow rebound of tissue to its original contour after pressing the feet or shin with the fingertip. The patient told the physician about tightness of a ring and shoes in the evening. The investigation of the cardiovascular system revealed the following: minor arterial hypotension, areas of cardiac dullness are slightly increased; other parameters are unremarkable. The daily urine volume is within the normal range.

Questions

•  What is the possible cause of the patient's excess of body mass?

•  Can we assume that water-ions balance is deranged in this patient?

•  What type of edema is observed in the patient?

•  What additional data are required to specify the type of edema in this case?

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