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Fig. 8. Djed's table for alpha angle estimation (Ζα)

Fig. 9. Variants of HEA position expressed in degrees of Ζα (The left HEA deviation, Horizontal HEA position, Normal HEA position, Vertical HEA position, The right HEA deviation)

ATTACHMENT 2. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS

In the row of manuals normal values are insignificantly different. Laboratory indices according to Handbook Guide of practicing physician¹ (2000) and Grebenev A.L. (2001) are given below.

¹ Handbook Guide of practicing physician. 2000 diseases from A to Z / Edited by Denisov I.N., Ulumbekov E.G. - M., Publishing house GEOTAR-Media, 2000. - 1296 p.

Blood

Complete blood count

Index	SI units	Previously used units
Hemoglobin
Men	138-172 g/l	13.8-17.2 g%
Women	121-151 g/l	12.1-15.1 g%
RBCs (erythrocytes)
Men	4.5-10¹²-5.7-10¹²/l	4.5-5.7 million in 1 μ!
Women	3.9-10¹²-5.0-10¹²/l	3.9-5.0 million in 1 μl
Color index	0.85	0.85-1.05
WBC (leukocytes)¹	3.8-10⁹-9.8-10⁹/l	3800-9800 in 1 ?Л
Platelets (thrombocytes)	190-10⁹-405-10⁹/l	190 000-405 000 in 1 μ
Reticulocytes	0.5-1.5%	0.005-0.015%
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) *
Men	1-14 mm/h	1-14 mm/h
Women	2-20 mm/h	2-20 mm/h
Hematocrit (packed cell volume), PCV**
Men	0.407-0.503	40.7-50.3%
Women	0.361-0.443	36.1-44.3%

* ESR acceleration may be noticed in pregnancy, after vaccination, fasting and dry food.

** Hematocrit - is a volume of packed cells in the whole blood determined in its centrifugation.

Leukocytes differential (leukogram)

Cells	%	SI units	Number of cells in 1 μ! of blood
Myelocytes	0	0	0
Metamyelocytes	0	0	0
Neutrophils
Band	1-6	0.04-10⁹-0.3-10⁹/l	40-300
Segmented	47-72	2-10⁹-5.5-10⁹/l	2000-5500
Eosinophils	0.5-5	0.02-10⁹-0.3-10⁹/l	200-300
Basophils	0-1	0-0.0 65-10⁹/l	0-65
Lymphocytes	19-37	1.2-10⁹-3.3-10⁹/l	1200-3300
Monocytes	3-11	0.09-10⁹ -0.6-10⁹/l	90-600

¹ Contemporary scientists (specialists in laboratory diagnostics) point out that maximal normal amount of WBCs may reach 11.310⁹/l.

Blood coagulation system and fibrinolysis

Index	Value
Blood clotting time:
Venous	5-10 min
Capillary (after Sukharev)	Beginning - from 30 sec to 2 min, End - from 3 to 5 min
Bleeding time (Duke method)	2-5 min
RT (active recalciflcatiom time)	60-120 sec
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)	32-49 sec
PTI (prothrombin index)	85-105%
INR (international normalized ratio)	0.8-1.3
Fibrinogen	2.0-4.0 g/l
Fibrinolysis (euglobulin clots spontaneous lysis time)	120-240 min
TCT (thrombin clotting time)	15-18 sec
D-dimer	33.5-727.5 nanogram/ml

Blood biochemistry Protein and protein fractions

Index	SI units	Traditional units, g%
Total serum protein	65-85 g/l	6.5-8.5
Albumins	36-50 g/l	3.6-5
Globulins	20-30 g/l	2-3
Fibrinogen	2-4 g/l	0.2-0.4

Protein fractions (according to Komarov F.I., 1982)

Protein fractions	Value,%
Albumins	51-61.5
Globulins:
α1	3.6-5.6
α2	5.1-8.3
β	9-13
γ	15-22

Rest nitrogen and its serum components

Index	Content
Index	SI units, mmol/l	mg%
Rest nitrogen	2.9-8.9	8-25
Urea	2.5-8.32	15-20
Uric acid	0.12-0.38	3.0-8.0
Creatinine
Men	0.088-0.177	1-2
Women	0.044-0.141	0.5-1.6

Blood indices of pigmentary metabolism

Index	SI units, μmol/l	mg%
Total bilirubin	3.4-22.2	0.2-1.3 mg%
Direct (conjugated) bilirubin	0-5.1 (25% of total bilirubin)	0-0.3 mg%
Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin	1.7-17.1 (75% of total bilirubin)

Blood electrolytes

Index	SI units, mmol/l	mg%
Plasma potassium, K	3.48-5.3	13.6-20.8
Plasma sodium, Na	135-145	31-50
Serum calcium, Ca	2.23-2.57	8.9-10.3
Serum magnesium, Mg	0.65-1.1	1.7-2.4

Plasma lipid components (Recommendations of European Atherosclerosis Society on blood lipids and lipoproteins evaluation)

Index	Lipids content, mmol/l (mg/dl)
Index	Desired	Borderline	Pathological
Total cholesterol	5.2 (<200)	5.2-6.2 (200-240)	6.2 (>240)
Triglycerides	2.0 (<180)	2.0-2.8 (180-250)	2.8 (>250)
Low-density lipopro-tein-cholesterol	3.5 (<130)	3.5-4.1 (130-160)	4.1 (>160)
High-density lipopro-tein-cholesterol	1.0 (>39)	0.9-1.0 (39-35)	0.9 (<35)

Urine and renal function investigation Urine physical properties


Index	Normal values
Diurnal diuresis	800-1500 ml²
Relative density of urine in the morning portion	1.020-1.026³
Color	Straw-yellow
Clarity	Transparent

Urine chemical composition³

Index	SI units
pH	Neutral or slightly acidic*
Protein	Absent (0.025-0.070 g per 24 h)
Glucose	Absent (less than 0.02% per 24 h)⁴
Acetone	Absent
Ketone bodies	Absent
Urobilin bodies	Absent
Bilirubin	Absent

*Alkaline pH appears on vegetable diet, alkaline drinks consumption, on the height of digestion.

Urine microscopic investigation

Index	Normal values
Urine sediment
Epithelial cells	0-3 in every field of vision (FOV)
Leukocytes men	0-2 in every FOV
women	1-2 in every FOV
Erythrocytes	Single in entire specimen
Casts (cylinders)	Absent
Mucus	Absent
Bacteria	Less than 50 000 in 1 ml

² In the physiological conditions polyuria is caused by increased water consumption and neurogenic factors.

³ During the day it changes in a wide range (see Zimnitsky's test).

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