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4. PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION. RESCUE BREATHING AND CHEST COMPRESSION

Contents

4.1. Introduction.

4.2. First Aid for Cardiac Arrest.

4.2.1. First Aid Algorithm for Respiratory and Circulatory failure.

4.2.2. Restoration of Airways Patency.

4.2.4. Artificial Circulation Maintenance (Close Cardiac Massage).

4.2.5. Artificial Lung Ventilation (Rescue Breathing).

4.3. First Aid for Respiratory Disturbances Caused by Foreign Bodies Penetrating the Upper Airways.

4.1. INTRODUCTION

The injuries caused by accidents and emergency situations can be accompanied by disturbances of consciousness, respiration and circulation which need urgent medical involvement.

Disturbances of respiration and circulation can develop as a consequence of different causes: blood loss, shock, myocardial infarction, drowning, etc. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation carried out within first minutes gives a chance to save lives to a considerable number of casualties. Ineffective or not given first aid or resuscitation end with inevitable death.

Signs of biological death are postmortem lividity (blue and purple discoloration spots on the dependent part of the body, appearing within 2-4 hours after death), drying of the cornea and phenomenon of "cat's eye" (if the eye-ball pressed, the pupil gets slit-like form), rigor mortis (loss of the joints flexibility).

If the signs of biological death are identified, the resuscitation is already pointless and not performed.

4.2. FIRST AID FOR CARDIAC ARREST

Resuscitation is a complex of emergency measures taken to revive and restore the functions of the organism.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is administered if the victim demonstrates: critical respiratory and circular disturbances or clinical death (cardiac and respiratory arrest).

4.2.1. First Aid Algorithm for Respiratory and Circulatory failure

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