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Fundamentals of bioorganic chemistry

Chapter 8. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

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8.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones are very similar regardless of their specific structure. It is no wonder that both of the classes are considered together.

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Оглавление

PART 1. GENERAL ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

Chapter 1. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND BONDING +

Chapter 2. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 3. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC MOLECULES +

Chapter 4. A BRIEF SURVEY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS +

Chapter 5. ACIDITY AND BASICITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 6. HYDROCARBONS +

PART 2. MONOFUNCTIONAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF BIOLOGICAL INTERESTS.

Chapter 7. ORGANIC HALIDES, ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS, AMINES, AND ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 8. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS -

8.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

8.1.1. Classification and Nomenclature

8.1.2. Electronic Structure of the Carbonyl Group

8.2. NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION REACTIONS

8.2.1. Addition of Alcohols: Hemiacetal and Acetal Formation

8.2.2. Addition of Water: Hydration

8.2.3.Addition of Nitrogen Nucleophiles: Imines and Related Compound

8.3. CH-ACIDIC PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
8.3.1. Keto-Enol Tautomerism
8.3.2. The Aldol Condensation
8.3.3. The Biochemical Aldol Condensation
8.3.4. The Haloform Reaction

8.4. OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTIONS
8.4.1. Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
8.4.2. Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
8.4.3. Biochemical Oxidation and Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

Additional Problems

Chapter 9. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES +

PART 3. POLY- AND HETEROFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS IN LIVING SYSTEMS. Chapter 10. STEREOISOMERISM +

Chapter 11. POLY- AND HETEROFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 12. LIPIDS +

Chapter 13. TERPENOIDS AND STEROIDS +

PART 4. BIOPOLYMERS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL CONSTITUENTS.
Chapter 14. CARBOHYDRATES +

Chapter 15. α-AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS +

Chapter 16. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 17. NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS +

Appendix 1. Principal Parameters of Covalent Bonds

Appendix 2. Glossary

Appendix 3. Answers to problems

References

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