Cancer of female genitals and breast is the most common malignancy in women. Compared with other tissues, female reproductive organs naturally have more receptors to sex hormones and are more subject to proliferative changes over a normal menstrual cycle. Cancer of genitals develops as a result of quantitative hormone imbalance, as well as abnormal steroid metabolism and abnormal cell receptivity to sex hormones. When other factors are present (metabolic disorder, impaired immune response, trophism disorder, innervation disorder, genetic predisposition), cell proliferation in the genitals becomes abnormal. Further developments include diffuse pathologic hyperplasia, emergence of focal proliferates, benign tumors and, finally, malignant tumor.
14.1. CERVICAL CANCER
ICD-10 Code
C53 Malignant neoplasia of cervix uteri.
Epidemiology
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant conditions diagnosed in 8-11 women among 100,000. About 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer are revealed annually over the world, and about 200,000 women die of it every year. Cervical cancer is mostly diagnosed in women aged 48-55. This condition is an urgent medical and social problem in all advanced countries. It accounts for 8-10% of all neoplasms; in the structure of female oncologic morbidity and mortality it rates first in Asian, African and Latin American countries.
The incidence of cervical cancer increases radically in women over 40; it is diagnosed twenty times more often than in women aged 25. The peak of cervical cancer prevalence is at the age 40-69 (65.3%); age 40-49 - 21.8%; age 50-59 - 19.5%; age 60-69 - 24%. The peak of incidence of preinvasive cervical cancer is at the age 25-40. Over recent decades there has been an increase in cervical cancer prevalence in women under 30 which can be attributed to the peak of underlying diseases occurring at this age.