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CHAPTER 40. PHYSIOLOGY OF LABOR

The labor makes a stupid man cleverer, the clever man brighter, the bright one - persistent and balanced

W. Osler

40.1 General characteristics

40.2 Physical labor

40.3 Physical training

40.4 Mental labor

40.5 Human performance

40.6 Fatigue

40.7 Rest and recovery

40.8 Features of labor in modern industry

Control questions Situational tasks

40.1. General characteristics

Labor is a human-specific social form of behavior aimed at expedient transformation of the environment and purposeful activities to create material and spiritual benefits. "Labor adds oil to the lamp of life, and thought

lights it" (D. Bellers).

In its most general form, labor is divided into two parts, physical and mental; however, with each form of labor there are physical and mental elements. Depending on the physiological systems that are predominantly involved in the process, in each type of labor, both severity and intensity are determined.

Severity of labor is the physiological cost of work, which is determined by: the load on skeletal muscles, the body's energy expenditure, the amount of static ef-

fort, the working posture (100-300 bends per shift or being in an inclined position up to 50% of the time), the degree of stress of physiological functions (HR, fatigue, etc.) In order of severity, which reflects the predominant load on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems: 1) light labor (energy consumption up to 150 kcal/h, working pulse up to 80) can be performed indefinitely; 2) medium labor (150-200 kcal/h, pulse 80-100 beats/min) can be performed for an 8-hour working day; 3) heavy labor (250-360 kcal/h, pulse 100-120 beats/min) requires a periodic reduction in the severity of labor to a medium level, 4) very heavy labor (more than 360 kcal/h, pulse 120-140 beats/ min) can only be in the form of short episodes (530 min).

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