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Self-assessment quiz

Chapter 2. Methods of examination in traumatology and orthopedics

1. The following gait is characteristic for limb shortening by more than 3 cm:

a) sparing lameness;

b) unsparing lameness;

c) jumping;

d) "duck";

e) spastic.

2. The following gait is characteristic for leg elongation (strephopodia):

a) sparing lameness;

b) unsparing lameness;

c) jumping;

d) "duck";

e) the work of the "mill wheel".

3. The following gait is characteristic for the consequences of pelvic fracture with a symphysis rupture:

a) sparing lameness;

b) unsparing lameness;

c) "duck";

d) jumping;

e) the work of the "mill wheel".

4. The position of the patient or the examined segment during examination may be:

a) active;

b) passive;

c) forced;

d) functional;

e) fixed.

5. The lower limb axis passes through the following points:

a) the anterior superior iliac spine - the inner edge of the patella - the third toe;

b) the anterior superior iliac spine - the outer edge of the patella - the first toe;

c) the anterior superior iliac spine - the inner edge of the patella - the first toe;

d) the greater trochanter apex - the outer edge of the patella - the third toe;

e) the greater trochanter apex - the inner edge of the patella - the first toe.

6. Recurvation is:

a) bending of the limb axis anteriorly;

b) bending of the limb axis posteriorly;

c) outward bending of the limb axis;

d) inward bending of the limb axis;

e) this condition is not associated with a change in the limb axis.

7. Antecurvation is:

a) bending of the limb axis anteriorly;

b) bending of the limb axis posteriorly;

c) outward bending of the limb axis;

d) inward bending of the limb axis;

e) this condition is not associated with a change in the limb axis.

8. Hallux valgus is:

a) bending of the limb axis anteriorly;

b) bending of the limb axis posteriorly;

c) outward bending of the limb axis;

d) inward bending of the limb axis;

e) this condition is not associated with a change in the limb axis.

9. Varus deformity is:

a) bending of the limb axis anteriorly;

b) bending of the limb axis posteriorly;

c) outward bending of the limb axis;

d) inward bending of the limb axis;

e) this condition is not associated with a change in the limb axis.

10. A reliable sign of a limb bone fracture is:

a) local soreness during palpation;

b) change in the absolute length of the segment;

c) pronounced swelling in the area of injury;

d) change in the relative length of the segment;

e) sharp local soreness.

11. Reliable signs of a limb bone fracture include:

a) soreness under load along the limb axis;

b) relative shortening of the limb;

c) pathological mobility in the injury area;

d) significant edema;

e) local soreness during palpation.

12. Dislocations of large limb joints are characterized by:

a) change in the relative length of the limb;

b) change in the absolute length of the limb;

c) excessive mobility in the joint area;

d) spring resistance with an attempt of movements in the joint;

e) complete absence of movement in the joint area.

13. Dyspnea is characterized by impaired:

a) respiratory rate;

b) respiratory rhythm;

c) respiratory depth;

d) inspiration mechanism;

e) expiration mechanism.

14. Respiratory rate may vary in case of:

a) asphyxia;

b) traumatic brain injury;

c) acute blood loss;

d) hemothorax;

e) pneumothorax.

15. The correct procedure for examining the patient:

a) head, neck - limbs - back, spine - chest - abdomen, pelvis;

b) head, neck - chest - abdomen, pelvis - limbs - back, spine;

c) abdomen, pelvis - chest - back, spine - head, neck - limbs;

d) abdomen, pelvis - head, neck - limbs - back, spine - chest;

e) limbs - chest - abdomen, pelvis - back, spine - head, neck.

16. In case of a fall on the feet from a height, which led to heel bone fractures, the most likely concomitant damage is:

a) "impacted" fracture of the femoral neck;

b) damage to the knee joint menisci;

c) "whiplash" fracture of the cervical vertebrae;

d) fracture of vertebrae in the lumbar region;

e) fracture of the acetabular floor.

17. In fractures, the following injury mechanisms are distinguished:

a) blunt

b) high-energy and low-energy;

c) direct;

d) indirect;

e) gunshot.

18. High-energy injury includes:

a) gunshot wounds;

b) road injuries;

c) thermal burns with high-temperature combustible mixtures;

d) fall from the stairs;

e) fall caused by slipping on ice.

19. Possible causes of secondary open fractures:

a) skin damaged by a bone fragment at the moment of injury;

b) skin damaged by a bone fragment during transportation;

c) necrosis of soft tissues with exposure of bone fragments;

d) exposure of bone fragments as a result of medical manipulations;

e) gunshot wound.

20. Dislocations of large limb joints are characterized by the following signs:

a) change in the absolute limb length;

b) change in the relative limb length;

c) excessive mobility in the joint area;

d) spring resistance with an attempt of movements in the joint;

e) bone crepitation.

Chapter 3. Consolidation of fracture

1. The following may serve as the source for the bone regenerate formation in fractures:

a) differentiated osteoblasts;

b) osteoclasts;

c) osteogenic cells;

d) periosteal cells.

2. The following parts are distinguished in the bone regenerate:

a) endosteal;

b) diaphyseal;

c) periosteal;

d) intermediary.

3. Approximate terms of complete cartilage tissue replacement with bone tissue during fracture healing are:

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